{"organism":"Page","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","children":[{"organism":"Metadata","model":{"title":"Unplanned Events","text":"\u003Cp\u003EView Shell’s risk assessment of unplanned releases and our preparations for an emergency event.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","links":[{"name":"Unplanned Events","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events.html"}],"image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/_jcr_content/root/metadata.shellimg.png/1697209523140/unplanned-events-prelude.png","alt":"Unplanned Events","width":2242,"height":1264}},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/metadata"},{"organism":"ContentOwner","model":{},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/contentowner"},{"organism":"Container.Header","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","ref":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/_jcr_content/root/header/inherited.model.json","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/header/inherited","model":{}},{"organism":"Breadcrumb","model":{"links":[{"name":"Home","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/"},{"name":"About Us","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us.html"},{"name":"What we do","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do.html"},{"name":"Gas and LNG","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng.html"},{"name":"Prelude FLNG Facility","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility.html"},{"name":"Unplanned Events","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events.html"}]},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/header/breadcrumb"}],"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/header","model":{}},{"organism":"Container.Main","children":[{"organism":"Container.Section","children":[{"organism":"PageHeader","color":"inherited","model":{"title":"Unplanned Events","text":"\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EShell has designed and developed Prelude to operate with the lowest possible risk to the environment. Mitigation strategies outlined in the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#environment\"\u003EEnvironment Plan\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E (EP) document submitted to \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#nopsema\"\u003ENOPSEMA\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E describe the various ways Shell is managing environmental impact and risk.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/_jcr_content/root/main/section/page-header.shellimg.png/1697209493989/unplanned-events-prelude.png","alt":"Unplanned Events","width":2265,"height":566}},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/page-header"},{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003EShell has identified there is a risk of unplanned loss of containment events which may have environmental impacts. For the purpose of the EP Shell has used industry standard modelling to assess areas of risk and the potential impacts.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on modelling emergency events \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.nopsema.gov.au/news-and-resources/presentations-and-videos#oil-spill-modelling\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Eview a video\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E or \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.nopsema.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2021-04/A626200.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Efactsheet (PDF)\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E, created by NOPSEMA.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/text_1049064408","model":{"title":"Risk","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe risk of an emergency event as a result of unplanned \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#loc\"\u003Eloss of containment\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E is very remote.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe chances of a worst-case scenario event, such as those modelled by Shell, is even more unlikely.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EShell is confident that sufficient management, technical and design systems have been put in place to protect the environment from any unplanned release of harmful material.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/text_1499977587","model":{"title":"What is loss of containment?","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThere are different kinds of petroleum products stored on Prelude which could have environmental impacts if they were accidentally released into the environment.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are different types of loss of containment scenarios which have a range of potential impacts.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003ESubsea infrastructure – production well loss incidents are rare and range from minor breaches from pinhole leaks, through to a well blowout.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003EProduct storage and offloading – Prelude’s product streams may have an impact on the environment if there is an accidental release during storage or offloading.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#fuel-oil\"\u003EFuel oil\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E – There is a chance of loss of fuel oil if there is a collision with a tanker. However, given the impact energy required to result in a tank breach the risk is considered very remote.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003EDiesel – there is a risk of loss of diesel during operations. The only scenario that might result in this kind of loss is a collision with a vessel.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003EOther hazardous liquids – there is a risk of materials other than \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#hydrocarbons\"\u003Ehydrocarbons\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E, being released accidentally during operations.\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003C/ul\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on the management of waste or liquid discharges click below.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/waste-management.html\"\u003EWaste\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003ELiquid Discharges\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003C/ul\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor a detailed summary, select your area of interest:\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item","model":{"title":"Environment","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESediment quality\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESediment quality is not expected to be significantly affected by any worst-case scenarios of materials release at the sea’s surface. It is expected that any loss scenario at or above the surface, is unlikely to reach the seabed due to the water depth in the operational area.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003ELoss of containment at the seabed, such as \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#well-control\"\u003Eloss of well control\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E, may contaminate sediments. For larger scale releases near shorelines there is a chance of long-term contamination depending on the type of material released.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWater quality\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESome \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#hydrocarbons\"\u003Ehydrocarbon\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E compounds will have a greater impact on water quality than others, should they be accidentally released. Overall, regardless of release type, the concentrations of \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#hydrocarbons\"\u003Ehydrocarbons\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E in the water column will decrease over time following control of the release source.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAir quality\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA worst-case loss of well containment scenario would result in a gas cloud if released material reached the water’s surface. In the offshore environment the gas cloud would be expected to disperse rapidly.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#key\"\u003EKey ecological features\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EModelling results indicated no \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#key\"\u003Ekey ecological features\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E would be exposed to floating \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#hydrocarbons\"\u003Ehydrocarbons\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E at a level resulting in an adverse impact. However, several \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#key\"\u003Ekey ecological features\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E may be exposed to other types of \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#hydrocarbons\"\u003Ehydrocarbons\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E at levels which would result in an adverse impact. The full \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#environment\"\u003EEnvironment Plan\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E describes which \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#key\"\u003Ekey ecological features\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E have a high likelihood of a significant impact during an emergency event.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#key\"\u003EKey ecological features\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E are most likely to be impacted by a loss of materials in the subsea infrastructure, such as loss of well control, due to the potential scale of such a blowout.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is expected that potential impacts would be limited to submerged features, as \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#prelude\"\u003Efloating oils\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E are not predicted to contact \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#key\"\u003Ekey ecological features\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E at levels which would cause impacts.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_829950533","model":{"title":"Benthic communities","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESediments\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe seabed in the Prelude operational area is largely sediments which are home to low density epibenthic fish and crustaceans. These species may be subject to health impacts from exposure to \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#hydrocarbons\"\u003Ehydrocarbons\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. However, it is expected that any affected habitat will be limited to areas in close proximity to the location of a subsea release. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#filter-feeders\"\u003EFilter feeders\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E are particularly susceptible to health impacts, due to their method of feeding.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECorals\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EImpacts to coral from \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#hydrocarbons\"\u003Ehydrocarbons\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E vary from no visible injury, through to significant coral deaths. Some coral types are more sensitive than others, and their stage in the lifecycle will also make them more or less susceptible to impacts.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#subtidal\"\u003ESubtidal corals\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E are likely to be less impacted by releases at the surface and although reef coral habitats are more likely to be impacted by a severe spill, they are also less sensitive to impact. Volume and duration of an unplanned release will play a big factor in the extent coral communities are potentially affected.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#macroalgae\"\u003EMacroalgae\u003C/a\u003E and sea grass\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough seagrass and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#macroalgae\"\u003Emacroalgae\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E may be impacted by a loss event, studies have shown that recovery rates are rapid.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the case of macroalgae, research has also indicated, in some instances, recovery is faster in cases where oil is left to degrade naturally.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EMangroves\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMangrove habitats throughout the Kimberley are highly susceptible to oil pollution. However, given the significant distance between potential release locations and the nearest mangroves, any materials reaching mangroves would be highly weathered. As such, even in worst-case modelled releases mangrove communities are not likely to be impacted.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_1739398721","model":{"title":"Marine fauna","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EMarine mammals\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are eight species of marine mammals which may be found within the zone of potential impact. There are biologically important areas for several species within 145km of Prelude. Despite the vulnerability of marine mammals to hydrocarbons, it is not anticipated that impacts resulting from a loss event would affect any significant portion of any species’ population.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EMarine reptiles\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMarine reptiles, including sea snakes and turtles are known to live in or traverse through the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#adverse\"\u003Eadverse exposure zones\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Saltwater crocodiles are also identified as potentially occurring within this zone. Both sea snakes and turtles have the potential to experience health impacts from encounters with materials released during loss events.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESeabirds and shorebirds\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESeabirds and shorebirds are known to be present within the zone of potential influence. Seabirds are known to be particularly vulnerable to hydrocarbon spills due to their contact with the water’s surface during feeding, resting or moulting. Shorebirds are less likely to be impacted as they usually remain on shorelines to feed. Should any bird come into contact with material following a \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#loc\"\u003ELOC\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E event, they are likely to suffer severe health impacts. Mass mortalities are not expected given the low number of birds in the area, and distance from any known breeding colonies.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#planktonic\"\u003EPlankton\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDifferent types of plankton are likely to be impacted by a worst-case scenario loss event. The impacts are likely to consist of short-term acute toxic effects. However, the compressed lifecycle of the species is likely to result in a rapid recovery in the population. Species that have planktonic larval phases are likely to be impacted in a worst-case scenario, with increased larval mortality, however this is not expected to result in population scale impacts.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPelagic fish\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFish that encounter material from a loss release may experience health impacts, which will vary on the concentration and duration of exposure. The conclusion supported by studies of fish stocks following large-scale spills shows little evidence of severe impacts at the population level.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/unplanned-events/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_143181155","model":{"title":"Human activities","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECommonwealth Heritage Places and Marine Protected Areas\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral offshore islands and reefs listed as \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#commonwealth\"\u003ECommonwealth Heritage Places\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#protected-area\"\u003EMarine Protected Areas\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E are within the areas modelled and may be impacted in the event of a loss. The value of these locations occurs in their unique ecology, habitats and sea scapes. As such, the potential impact to these areas would be significant.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECommercial fishing\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA number of commercial fisheries operate within the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#adverse\"\u003Eadverse exposure zone\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. In the event of a significant loss, it is likely locations affected would be temporarily closed. The nature of the closure would depend on the extent and type of spill. Any spill is unlikely to result in the complete closure of a fishery. Fish exposed during a loss event may become “tainted”, which would require ongoing monitoring. In some instances, the perception of possible tainted stock would be sufficient to reduce prices and lower income for commercial fishers.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ETourism and recreation\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are currently no known tourism activities within the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eoperational area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Some tourism activities may take place within the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#potential-influence\"\u003Ezone of potential influence\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Worst-case scenario impacts would be displacement of activities, temporary exclusions zones or avoidance of areas which are aesthetically impacted as well as flow-on revenue impacts to tourism operators. Any impacts to activities is expected to be slight.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDefence and shipping\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EDefence activities are unlikely to be impacted by even the worst-case scenarios modelled by Shell. Vessels in the area may be temporarily diverted to accommodate spill response operations.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EOil and gas industry\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are other petroleum activities in the region. A worst-case scenario spill may affect the operation of the facilities if water quality is impacted and is no longer suitable for use in the other operations. There may also be impacts on routine operations, such as reduced production. 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