{"organism":"Page","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","children":[{"organism":"Metadata","model":{"title":"Physical Presence","text":"\u003Cp\u003EFind out more about Prelude’s physical infrastructure.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","links":[{"name":"Physical Presence","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence.html"}],"image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/_jcr_content/root/metadata.shellimg.jpeg/1693483121031/physical-presence.jpeg","alt":"Physical Presence","width":2254,"height":1273}},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/metadata"},{"organism":"ContentOwner","model":{},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/contentowner"},{"organism":"Container.Header","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","ref":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/_jcr_content/root/header/inherited.model.json","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/header/inherited","model":{}},{"organism":"Breadcrumb","model":{"links":[{"name":"Home","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/"},{"name":"About Us","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us.html"},{"name":"What we do","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do.html"},{"name":"Gas and LNG","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng.html"},{"name":"Prelude FLNG Facility","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility.html"},{"name":"Physical Presence","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence.html"}]},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/header/breadcrumb"}],"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/header","model":{}},{"organism":"Container.Main","children":[{"organism":"Container.Section","children":[{"organism":"PageHeader","color":"inherited","model":{"title":"Physical Presence","text":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Prelude FLNG facility, its supporting subsea infrastructure and additional support vessels all have a physical presence in the activity area. There are a variety of elements which make up the physical attributes and the way they interact with the surrounding environment.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n","image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/_jcr_content/root/main/section/page-header.shellimg.jpeg/1737009793855/physical-presence.jpeg","alt":"Physical Presence","width":2279,"height":570}},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/page-header"},{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/text","model":{"text":"\u003Cp\u003EShell has described the various physical elements of Prelude, their potential impacts and mitigations in the table below.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor a detailed summary, select your area of interest:\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_copy","model":{"title":"Physical presence","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDescription\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe facility, subsea infrastructure and support vessels will all introduce a new physical presence into the marine environment of the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETheir existence has the potential to impact on the biological and socio-economic environment in and around the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPotential impacts\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMarine animals and birds that live and migrate through the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E could be impacted by the presence of the facility and support vessels.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFish species are likely to be attracted to the hull of the facility and the subsea infrastructure. Generally, this is expected to have a positive effect on species diversity and population growth in the area due to the creation of an artificial reef.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGiven the location, the number of bird species (threatened or migratory) is likely to be low and limited to individuals only. Birds may choose to rest or roost on the structure.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe remote offshore location of the facility means there is very little human activity in the region apart from oil and gas activity, commercial fishing and shipping. There are no known tourism activities, defence exercise areas, or defence activities within the area. The designated safety zone and water depth mean there is minimal fishing activity of any kind (commercial, recreational, or traditional) in the region.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe closest permanent infrastructure is the INPEX Ichthys project, located 17km south of the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Other petroleum exploration activities are likely to happen in the region, but no aspects of Prelude operations are expected to impact on these activities.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe creation of an artificial reef is likely to have a positive impact in the immediate area around the facility with an anticipated increase in fish diversity and numbers. There is expected to be no credible impact on threatened or migratory bird species as a result of the physical presence of the facility.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGiven the size of Prelude in the context of the region’s environment and the remoteness of the location; there will be minimal or slight impacts on the socio-economic environment. Steps have been taken to minimise possible interactions with the facility, equipment and support vessels.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on the impact of Prelude infrastructure and support vessels review the full EP.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKey controls and mitigations\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is a \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#petroleum-safety\"\u003EPetroleum Safety Zone\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E around the facility and subsea wells, which exists to reduce the potential interactions with the facility and subsea equipment.\u003C/p\u003E\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_copy_1250286312","model":{"title":"Lighting","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDescription\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are two primary sources of artificial light in the Prelude \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eoperational and navigational lighting on the Prelude facility and supporting vessels, required for safety\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eflaring from both the pilot flares and during intermittent flaring events\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese light sources create light spill, which has the potential to impact on marine wildlife and plants, or migratory birds.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPotential impacts\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELight spill is known to affect some animals by causing:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Edisorientation including attraction or repulsion from other features\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Edisruption to natural behaviour patterns\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Esecondary impacts such as reduced fitness and higher levels of predation\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe local marine species known to be affected by artificial light include adult female turtles, hatchling turtles and fish. Lighting is known to impact on the choice of nesting location as well as impacting on the orientation of new hatchlings seeking to find the ocean.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELight spill could also result in an increase of food sources for predatory species by encouraging fish populations to aggregate in the light pools.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBirds species are also potentially impacted and may be attracted to the light source. If birds are attracted to the structure there is the potential for collisions with the infrastructure, entrapment in hot plumes, or changes in normal behaviours.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearch suggests the level of lighting on Prelude (similar to that of a quarter moon) and distance from the nesting grounds will mean the potential impact on turtles is acceptably low.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe potential for any animals to gather around the edges of artificial light halos is likely to be highly localised and would not lead to long lasting effects on the local fish population.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the distance of 5km it has been observed the light was insufficient to cause birds to deviate away from their migration route.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBased on the above and operational experience at the project to date, it has been assessed that there are no impacts from light emissions from Prelude.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on the impact of artificial lighting in the Prelude project \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E review the full EP.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKey controls and mitigations\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe facility has been designed so there is no flaring activity during normal operations, which limits the light emissions from flaring and the subsequent impacts.\u003C/p\u003E\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_copy_1540277840","model":{"title":"Noise","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDescription\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENoise emissions from equipment on the Prelude facility, such as subsea infrastructure and normal operational activities will potentially impact on the surrounding environment. Two modes of operation were modelled for the purpose of understanding the potential impacts of noise on the surrounding environment.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENoise-levels were then assessed alongside marine wildlife behaviour and response data to assess the likelihood of significant effects to the health of animals in the vicinity of Prelude.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPotential impacts\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EModelling indicated the potential health impact to marine wildlife would be limited, unless animals were close to the facility for a long period of time.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESurveys indicate there are no sensitive \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#benthic\"\u003Ebenthic communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E in the activity area, and as such there are no expected impacts from noise.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe potential impacts to \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#planktonic\"\u003Eplanktonic communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E are expected to be slight, based on the modelling studies conducted by CSIRO.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe closest \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#key\"\u003Ekey ecological feature\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E is 14km away from Prelude. The noise levels at this distance are not expected to have any impact on fish communities at this location. There is a minor possibility that fish communications may be masked by operational noise.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe impact on migratory or threatened species has been assessed as slight, with no significant impacts likely given the distance from key whale migration routes and congregation areas, as well as from turtle nesting habitats. Noise levels and the distance between Prelude and key habitats means impacts will be within acceptable levels.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOverall, levels of noise mean that marine species would have to spend a long time in close proximity to the Prelude facility and subsea infrastructure to be susceptible to any effect. As the activity area does not intersect with any key habitats or migratory routes, any impacts would be to individuals only, and incidents of interactions are considered to be very rare.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on the impacts of noise emissions review the full EP.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKey controls and mitigations\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVessels follow all the requirements of the EPBC Regulations, and Australian National Guidelines for whale and dolphin watching. All interactions with local marine species, including migratory or threatened species, will be within these guidelines.\u003C/p\u003E\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_copy_711248948","model":{"title":"Vessel movements","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDescription\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe presence of supporting vessels in the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E around the Prelude facility may pose a hazard to marine wildlife that live and migrate through the area.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESpecies considered to be at risk of interacting with vessel movements include whales, dolphins, turtles and whale sharks. However, it is noted that the number of these animals in the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E has been observed to be low.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA collision between a vessel and marine wildlife could potentially result in the injury or death of the animal involved in the incident.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPotential impacts\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are no important habitats or migratory routes through the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. Whales are known to occasionally pass through the area and if doing so are vulnerable, due to their size and the amount of time they spend close to the surface.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe area is also an unlikely habitat for turtles, given the water depths and lack of nesting locations. The presence of any marine turtles within the area, is likely to be limited to individual turtles passing through.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EShell’s understanding and observations of local wildlife behaviour suggests that marine mammals, turtles and sharks are more likely to alter course away from the facility, as well as the stationary or slow-moving vessels in the area.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe marine vessels in the activity area are typically travelling at speeds slower than eight knots. The speed of vessels and watch-keeping onboard makes the likelihood of a vessel strike relatively low. In the unlikely event of a collision, effects to local wildlife would be on an individual scale, rather than at population scale.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on the impact of vessel movements in the Prelude \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E review the full EP.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKey controls and mitigations\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EVessels follow all the requirements of the EPBC Regulations, and Australian National Guidelines for whale and dolphin watching. All interactions with local marine species, including migratory or threatened species, will be within these guidelines.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item","model":{"title":"Seabed disturbance","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDescription\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere may be some disturbance to the seabed in the activity area as a result of ongoing maintenance and potential future installation activities.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EActivities which may result in seabed disturbance include:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project.html\"\u003ECrux Project\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E connections and setup\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Ereplacement of subsea infrastructure\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Etemporary \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#wet-storage\"\u003Ewet storage\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E of equipment\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Epart replacements\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Emiscellaneous inspection, maintenance and repair activities.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPotential impacts\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is generally low sensitivity of the benthic habitat within the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E, and it is expected that temporarily affected areas will recover quickly as summarised below.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESeabed\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe installation of any subsea equipment has a physical impact on the seafloor and associated \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#benthic\"\u003Ebenthic communities\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E. The anticipated disturbance footprint associated with the installation of future subsea infrastructure, such as with the Crux Project, will be highly localised. For more information about the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project.html\"\u003ECrux Project click here\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESimilarly, seabed disturbance as a result of inspection, maintenance or repair activities is highly localised and in discrete areas. The amount of specialised equipment required for stabilising subsea equipment is still unknown, however existing operational experience suggests the impact will be minimal.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWater quality\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIncreased \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#turbidity\"\u003Eturbidity\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E as a result of operational activities is a possibility.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImpacts to water quality are expected to be highly localised and in short-term sediment plumes. These plumes are likely to result in a slight and temporary decrease in water quality but are not expected to result in any damage or adverse environmental effects.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on the impacts of seabed disturbance in the Prelude project \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E review the full EP.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKey controls and mitigations\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDuring installation activities, infrastructure is laid on the seabed within the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ENo support vessel is permitted to anchor in the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/the-crux-project/glossary.html#operational-area\"\u003Eactivity area\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E, except in emergency situations or with a specific permit from Shell.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n"}}],"colstart":3,"colspan":8,"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section/list","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/what-we-do/gas-and-lng/prelude-flng-facility/physical-presence/jcr_content/root/main/section","model":{}},{"organism":"Container.Section","color":"brand1-subtle","children":[{"organism":"PromoCard","color":"brand1","model":{"title":"Prelude Overview","text":"\u003Cp\u003ELearn more about the Prelude FLNG 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