{"organism":"Page","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","children":[{"organism":"Metadata","model":{"title":"Air Emissions","text":"\u003Cp\u003ERead about the emissions generated by Prelude and how Shell is managing them.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","links":[{"name":"Air Emissions","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions.html"}],"image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/_jcr_content/root/metadata.shellimg.jpeg/1693842111895/air-emissions.jpeg","alt":"Air Emissions","width":1879,"height":1061}},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/metadata"},{"organism":"ContentOwner","model":{},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/contentowner"},{"organism":"Container.Header","children":[{"organism":"Container.Raw","ref":"https://www.shell.com.au/_jcr_content/root/header/inherited.model.json","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/header/inherited","model":{}},{"organism":"Breadcrumb","model":{"links":[{"name":"Home","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/"},{"name":"About Us","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us.html"},{"name":"Projects and Assets","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations.html"},{"name":"Prelude FLNG Facility","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility.html"},{"name":"Air Emissions","value":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions.html"}]},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/header/breadcrumb"}],"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/header","model":{}},{"organism":"Container.Main","children":[{"organism":"Container.Section","children":[{"organism":"PageHeader","color":"inherited","model":{"title":"Air Emissions","text":"\u003Cp\u003ENormal operations on the Prelude facility generates atmospheric emissions, which include greenhouse gases. Shell has implemented key mitigation strategies to manage the potential impacts of these emissions on the surrounding environment.\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\r\n","image":{"src":"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/_jcr_content/root/main/section/page-header.shellimg.jpeg/1693842133230/air-emissions.jpeg","alt":"Air Emissions","width":1900,"height":475}},"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/main/section/page-header"},{"organism":"PromoSimple.Text","color":"inherited","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/main/section/text","model":{"text":"\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAtmospheric emissions and Greenhouse Gas emissions\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/h3\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe operations of the Prelude FLNG facility produces atmospheric emissions and greenhouse gas emissions from:\u003C/p\u003E\r\n\u003Cul\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003Efuel combustion for power generation and compression\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003Eflaring for safety purposes\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003Edisposal (venting) of reservoir CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/the-crux-project/glossary.html#fugitive\"\u003Efugitive emissions\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E and general leaks\u003C/li\u003E\r\n\u003C/ul\u003E\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFor a detailed summary, select your potential impact of interest:\u003C/p\u003E\r\n"}},{"organism":"Container.List","colspan":8,"colstart":3,"children":[{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item_copy","model":{"title":"Atmospheric emissions","text":"\u003Cp\u003EAs the facility is located 200km from the Western Australian coast, only the immediate physical environment (air quality and visual amenity) has the potential to be impacted by atmospheric emissions.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImpacts on the physical environment will be the result of:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eplanned emissions of atmospheric pollutants to the facility’s \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/the-crux-project/glossary.html#airshed\"\u003Eairshed\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E under routine and non-routine (planned and emergency) operating conditions\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eroutine and non-routine flaring resulting in smoky flare\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe facility’s \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/the-crux-project/glossary.html#airshed\"\u003Eairshed\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E and impacts of the combined emission sources have been examined in an air quality modelling study. The study modelled emissions under three different scenarios – normal operations, exceptional operations and worst reasonable exceptional operations. Emissions from the nearby Ichthys petroleum operations, were also modelled to understand the cumulative effects of atmospheric emissions.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese modelled emissions were then compared to current and future air quality standards:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Australian Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) (National Environment Protection Council 1998)\u003Cbr\u003E\nNew draft ambient air quality standards for NO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E, SO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E and PM\u003Csub\u003E2.5\u003C/sub\u003E listed in the proposed NEPM Air Quality Measure (National Environment Protection Council 2019)\u003Cbr\u003E\nResults for all three scenarios predict ground-level concentrations of pollutants at the nearest receptor (i.e. Browse Island) to be well below the assessed air quality standards.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EApart from the aesthetic impact associated with a slightly smoky flare, there would be no material environmental impacts to local and regional airshed quality.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKey controls and mitigations\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERepresentative boiler stack samples carried out at least once.\u003Cbr\u003E\nA surveillance program is in place for the boilers and power generation units to ensure that they are operating within the design operating envelope.\u003Cbr\u003E\nUse only low sulphur fuel oil/ diesel for FLNG and marine support vessels.\u003Cbr\u003E\nSpecified vessels are required to have the valid atmospheric emissions management documentation as required by class.\u003Cbr\u003E\nCollect and estimate total air emissions to the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/the-crux-project/glossary.html#inventory\"\u003ENational Pollutant Inventory regulator\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003Cbr\u003E\nUndertake targeted topside fugitive emissions monitoring on an annual basis.\u003C/p\u003E\n"}},{"organism":"AccordionItem","id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/main/section/list/list_item","model":{"title":"Greenhouse Gas emissions","text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/the-crux-project/glossary.html#anthropogenic\"\u003EAnthropogenic emissions\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E of greenhouse gas to the earth’s atmosphere have been recognised by reputable scientific bodies, international organisations and governments around the world as the single most important factor leading to accelerated climate change and global warming. Trends and effects have been closely monitored since the second half of the last century. Environmental impacts from global warming and climate change act on a global scale.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe greenhouse gas inventory for the highest production throughput year, during the first five-year period, indicates 97% of all scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions to be contributable to fuel combustion and reservoir CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E venting. Flaring and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/the-crux-project/glossary.html#fugitive\"\u003Efugitive emissions\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E constitute less than 3% of the total. These results indicate that the greenhouse gas emissions associated with Prelude operations will depend primarily on the CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E content of the reservoir.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPrelude has been designed to operate in a way which reduces greenhouse gas emissions, including:\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ELocating Prelude in close proximity to the gas field, eliminating the need for long pipelines to shore.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EIntegrating product offloading facilities into Prelude’s design, avoiding additional energy use for gas compression which is needed to export gas to an onshore terminal.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EUsing Shell’s proprietary double mixed refrigerant process, ensuring efficient use of power and less fuel gas demand.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EUsing colder seawater from a depth of 150m, rather than surface water, reducing the need to cool the water and leading to greater LNG production using the same energy inputs.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EKey controls and mitigations\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EImplement GHG minimisation as per the Prelude Operations Playbook during planned plant shutdowns and start-ups.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EConduct an annual forecast of future greenhouse gas emissions from Prelude FLNG.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECollate and estimate total greenhouse gas emissions from Prelude FLNG and report to the Clean Energy Regulator.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EUndertake targeted\u003Cb\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https://www.shell.com.au/about-us/projects-and-locations/the-crux-project/glossary.html#fugitive\"\u003Etopside fugitive emissions\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E monitoring on an annual basis.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECommence monitoring plant energy performance using Carbon and Energy Management Information System within 18 months of completion of all relevant performance tests for specified plant equipment.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n"}}],"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/main/section/list","model":{}}],"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/main/section","model":{}},{"organism":"Container.Section","color":"brand1-subtle","children":[{"organism":"PromoCard","color":"brand1","colspan":4,"id":"/content/shell/countries/australia/en_au/about-us/projects-and-locations/prelude-flng-facility/air-emissions/jcr_content/root/main/section_1575331902/promo_copy_945479829","model":{"title":"Prelude Overview","text":"\u003Cp\u003ELearn more about the Prelude FLNG 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Accordingly, neither Shell plc nor any member of the Shell Group endorses, adopts, certifies or otherwise validates the information and material contained on the linked website. 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